解決

column -t を使用

$ COL=$(echo -e "COL1\tCOL2\tCOL3")
$ COL="$COL\n$(echo -e "VAL1\tVAL2\tVAL3")"
$ COL="$COL\n$(echo -e "VAL1\tVAL2\tVAL3")"
$ echo -e $COL | column -t
COL1  COL2  COL3
VAL1  VAL2  VAL3
VAL1  VAL2  VAL3

awk - How can I format the output of a bash command in neat columns - Stack Overflow